India’s €2.1 Billion Russian Oil Imports: Unpacking the ‘Shadow Fleet’ Bypassing Sanctions

A recent report has unveiled a significant trend in global energy trade, revealing that India received 5.4 million tonnes of Russian oil, valued at €2.1 billion, between January and September 2025. This massive transfer was facilitated by a covert network of 30 vessels operating under false flags, highlighting the rise of Russia’s ‘shadow fleet’ designed to navigate and bypass stringent Western sanctions.

This ‘shadow fleet’ is a growing armada of tankers with obscure ownership and insurance, often switching flags to mask their origin and destination. By engaging in such deceptive shipping practices, Russia has successfully maintained its oil exports, finding willing buyers in energy-hungry nations. For India, the world’s third-largest oil importer, this arrangement offers a strategic advantage. Access to discounted Russian crude helps the nation bolster its energy security and manage inflationary pressures, making it an economically compelling choice despite the geopolitical complexities.

The scale of these operations underscores the challenges in enforcing international sanctions. As Russia adapts its export strategies, the global energy map is being redrawn. This development not only showcases the intricate dance between national interests and international regulations but also signals a new era of cat-and-mouse tactics in the high-stakes world of oil trade. The India-Russia oil connection, powered by this ghost-like fleet, serves as a powerful example of how global trade flows are adapting to a new geopolitical reality.